1.Introduction Economic nationalism has once again taken the centre stage in global policymaking, but the renewed popularity of protectionist tools comes at a steep price. Around the world, governments are reaching for tariffs, subsidies, and industrial policies to signal strength at home and win political points. India is no exception. Under the Atmanirbhar Bharat  (self-reliant India) agenda, tariff  increases and domestic programs have been presented as ways to build resilience and pride....